The New Hayden Planetarium Space Show Is Filled With Stars—Including Pedro Pascal
New York’s American Museum of Natural History is unveiling a project billions of years in the making—the new film at the Hayden Planetarium narrated by Pedro Pascal that maps our sun’s place among the stars, not only today, but over the course of the history of the universe.
To bring this stunning view of our galaxy to life, the museum enlisted a team of astronomers, artists, educators, and experts in science visualization—plus a little bit of Hollywood star power (pun intended). The result is Encounters in the Milky Way, opening June 9, a film that is both educational and visually striking, transporting viewers across the cosmos.
“I want to call AMNH science Pixar,” Jackie Faherty, the museum’s senior scientist for astrophysics and senior education manager, said at the press preview for the film.
“This is the story of our sun and solar system, traveling through the Milky Way,” Vivian Trakinski, the museum’s director of science visualization, added. “Then we’re doing research to find the best data sets that can support this story. And we’re hiring artists from out in the world, artists that work on feature films and commercials, to come in and visualize the data.”
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No less than 20 academic institutions contributed to the project, which is sponsored by Van Cleef and Arpels. That includes the University of Surrey in the U.K.; NASA’s Space Telescope Science Institute, the Center for Astrophysics at Harvard and the Smithsonian; Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Science and Technology Austria; and the European Space Agency.
To bring visitors on this otherworldly journey across time and space, the film employs a score by composer Robert Miller, a script by the museum’s Laura Moustakerski (read by Pascal with direction by museum trustee Shawn Levy, a filmmaker and executive producer of Stranger Things), and, of course, plenty of incredible visuals.
Watching the 30-minute film inside the Hayden Planetarium sphere is an awe-inspiring experience that spotlights the vastness of our universe, our planet incomprehensibly small amid a sea of darkness punctuated by stars that extends in every direction.
“It’s a combination of artistry and a foundation in science,” Carter Emmar, the museum’s director of astrovisualization, said. “It makes me emotional. Hopefully it makes you emotional too!”
The museum’s director of astrovisualization Carter Emmart made this hand-drawn sketch for the production for Encounters in the Milky Way. It shows our solar system’s entry to the “Local Bubble,” an area of the Milky Way galaxy cleared of gas and dust by supernova explosions. ©AMNH.
“This is a vast story,” he added.
As Encounters explains, we know more than ever about just how unimaginably long those distances between the stars are, thanks to the European Space Agency’s space observatory, Gaia. Launched in 2013 and powered down in March of this year, Gaia has observed the stars with unprecedented precision. The observatory’s mission has revolutionized astrometry, a branch of astronomy that measures the positions, distances, and movements of the stars and other celestial objects.
Before Gaia, astronomers had only measured the distances between 116,000 stars. Now, thanks to Gaia, we have mapped 1.7 billion of them, allowing us to create a map of the universe, and to better comprehend the place of the Milky Way, our solar system, and our planet in the skies.
“This is the map of your cosmos—this is humanity’s map,” Faherty said. “And the data is available for everybody. Look at where these stars are. Look at where they are going. You can make discoveries. So much science to be had.”
The opening of Encounters marks the 25th anniversary of the opening of the museum’s Rose Center for Earth and Space. The planetarium’s inaugural film, narrated by Tom Hanks, was updated in 2017. The other productions have been voiced by Harrison Ford in 2002, Robert Redford in 2006, Whoopi Goldberg in 2009, Neil deGrasse Tyson (the Hayden Planetarium’s director) in 2013, and Lupita Nyong’o in 2020.
The Hayden Planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History’s Rose Center for Earth and Space, which opened in 2000. Photo: by Alvaro Keding, ©AMNH.
That makes Encounters the seventh space show created for the planetarium’s high-tech digital dome projection system. And, for the first time, the museum made a discovery during the production process, as it worked to render a detailed visualization of the Oort cloud, the far-flung field of comets and other icy bodies at the fringes of our Solar System, extending one-and-a-half light years from the sun.
The museum tapped David Nesvorný, a scientist at Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, to provide a simulation of the millions of particles in the Oort cloud, based on the data from scientific observations. But the rendering wasn’t what anyone expected: it showed a spiral-like formation in the Oort cloud, similar to the dramatic shapes that you can see in galaxies.
“No one has ever seen the Oort cloud structure like that before,” Faherty said.
While fine-tuning a simulation of the Oort cloud, a vast expanse of ice material left over from the birth of our Sun, the Encounters in the Milky Way production team noticed a very clear shape: a structure made of billions of comets and shaped like a spiral-armed galaxy, seen here in a scene from the final Space Show (curving, dusty S-shape behind the Sun). ©AMNH.
The team behind the film has published these findings in the Astrophysical Journal, hypothesizing that the spiral is shaped by the so-called galactic tide, the gravitational force of the larger Milky Way on our Solar System.
The discovery speaks to the power of the combined forces of science and art. When the museum works with artists and filmmakers to bring stories of science and the natural world to life, creatives can sometimes get carried away, imagining spectacular visuals that aren’t rooted in the real data. But here, those hard numbers made it possible to spot a truth about the Oort Cloud that had not yet occurred to even the most inventive artist.
“The math was all there. We just needed the visuals,” Faherty said.
In about 1.3 million years, the star system Gliese 710 is set to pass directly through our Oort Cloud, an event visualized in a dramatic scene in Encounters in the Milky Way. During its flyby, our systems will swap icy comets, flinging some out on new paths. ©AMNH.
Of course, your average museum goer won’t recognize the significance of that spiral. But there are other undeniably dramatic moments in the film, such as the rendering of the star Gliese 710 passing through the Oort Cloud some 1.3 million years from now, triggering firework-like explosions. Or the shot of our galactic “local bubble,” presented in a colorful infrared view.
“It looks like these beautiful paintings that are unfolding for you as these gas clouds are getting shock waved out with the blue, beautiful stars. And then we highlight some of the other ionized parts of the galaxy with some pink in there, too. Color-wise, it’s just gorgeous. Resolution wise, you’re catching all these shapes forming, coming together and then dissipating. You can think of that as pretty, but that’s also new stars being born right there,” Faherty said. “It’s a visually appealing scene, and then it’s really scientifically rich.”
This visualization shows the “local bubble,” a clearing within dense clouds of gas and dust that our solar system entered about 5 million years ago, around the time that early human ancestors were beginning to walk upright. ©AMNH.
And while the film uses the latest technological advances to render these galactic scenes in such gorgeous detail, Encounters is just the latest chapter in the museum’s long history of using art to help viewers get invested in and to understand complicated stories about science and our natural world. (That dates back to the museum’s first habitat dioramas in the early 1900s, transporting viewers across the world before there was internet, television, or color photography, and international travel was expensive and rare.)
“If this museum is testament to anything, it’s a testament to wonder,” Emmar said. “But the art is important, because art is the way to the soul. And that is the key and the testament to what this museum does. It’s not just the collections; it’s the presentation of it that really fires the imagination.”
Encounters in the Milky Way is on view at the Hayden Planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, New York, from June 9, 2025. More