Why Have Cats Meant So Much, for So Long? A New Show Digs Into Their Symbolic Power
Three thousand years ago, the Egyptians domesticated cats and set humanity on a long trajectory towards feline companionship and contention, treats and brushing and endless cans of tuna. The animals have also served myriad symbolic purposes, as objects of worship and fear. In recent years, cat videos and the emergence of the “childless cat lady” trope have brought the animals into the news cycle and further emphasized their association with the feminine. Whatever humans think about cats, in any given era, inevitably reveals something about us.
“CATS!,” an exhibition opening at Hamburg’s Museum am Rothenbaum (MARKK) in December, aims to unpack these disparate cultural histories. The show unites ancient artifacts with contemporary artworks to tell larger stories about shifting values and beliefs through the lens of our furry friends.
Karagöz figure by unknown Kedi Master, 19th century. © MARKK. Photo: Paul Schimweg.
Some of the show’s oldest objects hail from ancient Egypt and connect cats to the spiritual realm. Two gilded and painted cartonnage masks for cat mummies date from the late period to Ptolemaic Period, 1st millennium B.C.E., when cats could serve as offerings to the goddess Bastet. Their owners also mummified them in the hopes they’d be reunited in the afterlife.
A green faience statuette of the goddess Sekhmet with a small cat at her feet, from the New Kingdom to Late Period (c. 1550–332 B.C.E), suggests early conceptions of cats’ duality and mystique. According to the Egyptian Museum, Sekhmet “was seen as the protector of the pharaohs and led them in warfare.” When she was in a calmer state, she shape-shifted into “the form of the household cat goddess Bastet.”
Mask for cat mummy, 1st millennium B.C.E. © Ägyptisches Museum Bonn, Photo: Mick Vinzenz.
Across the Atlantic, pre-Columbian culture took an interest in the house cat’s more predatory relatives. Pumas, jaguars, and pampas cats featured in early Peruvian crafts, reflecting the region’s unique ecosystem.
The MARKK show includes an embossed gold sheet pendant in the shape of a spotted cat from ca. 500 B.C.E.–700 C.E., likely by an artist from the Vicús or Moche culture. A clay and colored slip Moche vessel, from ca. 100–700 C.E., features a fearsome feline with large eyes, swirling stripes, and open jaws. The jaguar held special significance for the peoples of Latin America, the press materials noted, who perceived the creature as “a mysterious and sacred being that walks between worlds, bridging boundaries between life and the afterlife like a shaman.”
Pendant in the shape of a spotted cat by artist probably from the Vicús or Moche culture, c. 500–700 C.E. © MARKK. Photo: Paul Schimweg.
The exhibition detours from these ancient civilizations to 19th century Europe and Asia: a Turkish animal hide sculpture, a Japanese drawing, and a children’s cap and shoes from China display a vast range of media and craftsmanship. The 20th century ushered in the ability to capture our cats on film. American performance artist Carolee Schneemann famously included her cat in her feminist films, including Kitch’s Last Meal (1973–76), which honors their domestic bond in the lead up to the animal’s passing.
Hello Kitty Paladone lamp, Tomik Toys GmbH, licensed by Sanrio China, 2024. © MARKK. Photo: Paul Schimweg.
The exhibition organizers seem particularly interested in where cat representations have landed today. Two of the youngest objects on view are from last year: a plastic Chinese Hello Kitty lamp and an election campaign poster that read “Cat Ladies for Kamala” with a cat face at the center. Once sacred, it seems cats have become emblems of new a new duality: between protest and product, campaigning and consumerism.
U.S. election campaign poster, “Cat Ladies for Kamala 2024, produced by LifeSizeCustomCutouts, 2024. © MARKK. Photo: Paul Schimweg.
“CATS!” is on view at Museum am Rothenbaum, Rothenbaumchaussee 64, Hamburg, Germany, December 5, 2025–November 29, 2026. More

