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    An Ex-Inmate’s Art Confronts Male Fragility with Raw Emotion (and a Pair of Singing Gucci Loafers)

    When I visited John Costi near the end of his six-month residency at South London Gallery’s Fire Station, he plugged a pair of Gucci loafers into his computer. 
    Both shoes are dipped in thick shiny black paint and wired up with speakers which play sound from the heel. One of them plays a rap that Costi wrote as a teenager, while the other spouts a poem written by the artist as an adult, considering his time spent incarcerated for armed robbery. 
    “You have to laugh, don’t you?” he smiled while the shoes played his teenage rap. He refers to Gucci loafers as aspirational for young London gang members.
    John Costi, ART CRACK PIPE (2020). Courtesy of the artist. Photo by John Costi.
    The work is on view in “Found Football Difficult” (through June 18), the conclusive exhibition of his residency. “There are a lot of personal sound pieces in the show that are quite dark, but still a bit of tongue-in-cheek humor there,” he later told Artnet News.
    The multi-disciplinary artist’s distinctive work is formed from deeply personal subject matter, woven through with musings on masculinity, family and the U.K. prison system. The show takes its title from feedback Costi received in a childhood report card: In lieu of football, he had to find other ways of forging his own definition of masculinity.
    The aural overload of two shoes delivering different recordings at the same time is characteristic of Costi’s work, which grabs visitors’ attention from all angles. There is a lot going on in the exhibition, which awakens multiple senses through scent, sound, a cacophony of visual stimuli, and the invitation to take part in his installation by dancing or flicking pennies at the wall. “There are gaps that are left for people to figure out things for themselves,” he said. “But if you don’t notice the references then maybe they aren’t for you.”
    “John Costi: Found Football Difficult,” South London Gallery, March 2023. Installation View. Photo: Jo Underhill.
    The exhibition covers two rooms, representing day and night; rebirth and death. The rebirth room draws on different elements of Costi’s family life. A collaged blue denim wall pays homage to the goddess Aphrodite and the artist’s Cypriot heritage; Versace’s Blue Denim perfume can be smelled; archive family photos of previous generations are enlarged on the walls; a totemic installation in the center of the room represents an IPP prisoner (Imprisonment for Public Protection sentences were imposed from 2005 to 2012 with indeterminate timeframes; nearly 3,000 imprisoned under the controversial sentence are still stuck in the prison system long after its dismantling). Visitors are invited to dance around it, with foot marks laid out on the floor. 
    The death room pumps smoke from multiple points in a long gutter along one side wall; a huge photo of his brother as a child wearing a t-shirt emblazoned with Harry Enfield’s famous catchphrase “Loadsamoney” sits on another wall; a diffuser fills the room with the scent of Joop! for Men; along the back wall, a human form made of the Gucci loafers, a sculptural model of a head framed with rough wood and nails and other found objects, is pinned crucifix-like. The figure represents the artist, or at least a past version of himself, who he is trying to outrun. 
    “John Costi: Found Football Difficult,” South London Gallery, March 2023. Installation View. Photo: Jo Underhill.
    “Suicide is quite a big theme in the second room,” he said. “Dangling loafers is quite a potent image to me. The more that I go into my thirties the more I worry about finding dangling loafers: my uncle killed himself and then two friends have hung themselves. Suicide is the only thing I know that’s killing men. That and excess.”
    This autobiographical exhibition draws on Costi’s lived experience; growing up in North London; aspiring to fit an ideal; his time spent in prison for armed robbery; discovering a new side of himself through making art; finding his own version of masculinity. The narrative could be framed as a redemption arc with a happy ending: “reformed convict finds joy through art.” But Costi’s work doesn’t tie everything up neatly: there is warmth and love to be found in references to his past, and a suspicion of the present, particularly the art world and its acceptance of working-class culture only when contained within the neat borders of the art itself. 
    “It’s easy to patronize and talk about how charming working-class sensibility is,” he said. “It’s the same as any kind of activism being commodified or hijacked. Pain or joy. Art is not real and this whole thing is luxury. My parents didn’t have time to make art because they were too busy working. It might have taken me going to prison to make art. I think you have to be really careful with any kind of marginalized person. Their stories are always going to be fascinating to people who don’t have to go through shit.”
    The idea of what it means to be a man is pervasive in Costi’s work. “I think in my life I have been lucky to have very strong women around,” he said. “Some gender lines have been blurred in terms of what strength and weakness is. Some of the things I associated with masculinity are kind of weak. The only emotion men are allowed to show is anger. Reactionary sort of behaviour. We can see masculinity as something silly and heteronormative like being able to change a tire in a car, or we could allow people to make artwork about their friends killing themselves.”
    “John Costi: Found Football Difficult,” South London Gallery, March 2023. Installation View. Photo: Jo Underhill.
    While a lot of the work reflects thoughtfully on his time spent in prison, there are irreverent moments too: three large blue metal panels in his studio that bear family photographs are in fact marketing boards from the North London bookie he went to prison for robbing. There are also highly sensitive elements to the show, including recorded readings of letters written by his mum and incarcerated friends at the time of his imprisonment. 
    Costi sees his art practice as one of the key things that changed his life. While institutionalized he took part in an art therapy programme as part of the healthcare wing’s refurbishment. Then in the last six months of his sentence he was granted day release to take part in a fine art course at Kensington and Chelsea College. This was followed by training at Central Saint Martins. But the route for those incarcerated to explore their creativity is still hugely limited. He notes that his experience of prison was very much one of punishment rather than attempted rehabilitation. 
    “This is something I’m not very hopeful about,” he said. “In prison you don’t really see rehabilitation or any kind of healing. You see segregation and punishment. The things I have seen help people, or at least give people the hope of being able to change, are things like the King’s Fund, or writing a song, or reading a poem. That’s where one can heal, but the system isn’t going to do that for you.”

    “John Costi: Found Football Difficult” is on view through June 18 at South London Gallery.
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    10 Must-See Works at the Musée d’Orsay’s ‘Manet/Degas’ Show that Illuminate the Fascinating—And Occasionally Bitter—Dynamics Between the Two Artists

    Édouard Manet (1832–1883) and Edgar Degas (1834–1917) were peers, friends, and rivals.
    The two French painters played a crucial role in the new painting that emerged between the 1860s and 1880s in Paris, but each had strikingly different personalities and artistic approaches. A new blockbuster exhibition at the Musée d’Orsay in the French capital (on view through July 23) highlights their overlapping interests and individual techniques through exciting juxtapositions of their masterpieces. The groundbreaking show will later travel to The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.
    Both artists were born into bourgeois backgrounds. But whereas the extroverted Manet was highly driven towards recognition, the more introverted Degas often eschewed official channels of legitimacy. While they shared certain interests—such as depictions of café scenes, prostitution, nudes in bathtubs, and horse racing—they portrayed these genres in contrasting ways. Manet made audacious paintings reinventing realism and Degas focused on developing a slightly more intimate style. Both of them made a significant mark on art history in the lead-up to Impressionism, a movement with which they later became associated. 
    Artnet News spoke to Isolde Pludermacher, chief curator of painting at the Musée d’Orsay, about five pairings of paintings in the exhibition that illuminate the relationship between these two master painters.

    Degas’s Femme sur une terrasse (1857–58, reworked 1866–68) and Manet’s Jeune dame (1866)
    (L) Edouard Manet Jeune dame (1866). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (R) Edgar Degas Femme sur une terrasse (1857–58). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York © The Metropolitan Museum of Art
    Isolde Pludermacher: “Manet made his painting for a salon in reaction to a painting, La Femme au perroquet (1866), by Gustave Courbet whom Manet was more in dialogue with at the time, whereas Degas’ work was made from a study. Manet’s association of a young woman with a pet could recall his painting Olympia (1863), which features a small black dog. In both paintings, it’s the same model, Victorine Meurent, who also posed for Manet’s painting Le Déjeuner sur l’herbe (1863). Manet evokes the young woman’s intimacy as if the parrot could be her confidant; the parrot is gray and all the color is focused on the model’s dress. 
    Meanwhile, Degas’s work [also known as Jeune femme et ibis] wasn’t destined to be seen by a lot of people. Initially, it simply depicted a young woman wrapped in a blue cloak standing on a terrace. Around a decade later, he added two flamboyant pink ibis birds, a sunset, and an imaginary town evoking Babylon. The inspiration is very symbolic, close to the Pre-Raphaelites, and might have been inspired by Gustave Moreau who’d suggested to Degas the idea of painting a young Egyptian woman feeding ibis. 
    What interests us is that Degas had seen Manet’s painting in the 1868 salon and made a sketch inspired by it. He might have incorporated the ibis into his work afterwards. There’s a mysterious and enigmatic dimension to Degas’ painting where the birds are free, while the parrot in Manet’s painting is domestic and inside a bourgeois interior.”

    Degas’s Monsieur et Madame Manet (ca. 1868–69) and Manet’s Madame Manet au piano (1868)
    (L) Edgar Degas Monsieur et Madame Manet (1868–69). Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu Municipal Museum of Art, Japan © Kitakyushu Municipal Museum of Art. (R) Edouard Manet Madame Manet au piano (1868). © Musée d’Orsay, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / Patrice Schmidt.
    Isolde Pludermacher: “This pairing is among the most interesting stories to explore the relationship between Manet and Degas. We imagine that Manet made his painting after that of Degas but don’t know for certain. Degas made the portrait of Manet [on the sofa] and his wife playing the piano at their home and offered it to his models. The Manets organized a lot of parties on Thursday evenings to which they invited their artist friends and we can see this sociability through the painting.
    One day, Degas went round to Manet’s and saw that his painting had been cut at the level of the wife’s face. [Manet had cut it because he believed his wife had been rendered “excessively ugly”.] Degas angrily took the painting back and returned a still-life that Manet had given him.
    Fascinatingly, Degas kept the [Monsieur et Madame Manet] painting all his life. At the end of the exhibition, there’s a large photograph of Degas in his apartment with the painting on his living room wall. Around 15 years after Manet’s death, Degas added a piece of canvas to complete the missing part of Madame Manet and it was found like this in Degas’s studio after his death.” 

    Degas’s Portrait de Mlle Fiocre in the Ballet ‘La Source’ (ca. 1867–68) and Manet’s Lola de Valence (1862) 
    (L) Edouard Manet Lola de Valence (1862). © Musée d’Orsay, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / Patrice Schmidt (R) Edgar Degas Portrait of Mlle Fiocre in the Ballet “La Source” (1867–68). Gift of James H. Post, A. Augustus Healy, and John T. Underwood. Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn © Brooklyn Museum.
    Isolde Pludermacher: “What we wanted to show through this pairing is that the two artists, with different techniques, propose a comparable mise-en-scène, both depicting celebrity dancers. In Manet’s painting, it’s a Spanish dancer who was part of a Spanish troupe performing in Paris. In Degas’ painting, it’s an opera dancer, Eugénie Fiocre, who was very famous, notably for her beauty. Neither painting shows the dancer on the stage. In Lola de Valence, it’s [backstage] just before she goes on stage.
    In the painting of Fiocre, it’s during a rehearsal break—she’s in a moment of reverie, her ballet pumps beside her, and a figure behind her is playing music. So both artists were interested in sideline moments. Degas obviously had a very particular relationship to dance. He captured the repetition of certain bodily gestures and postures in a singular way. By contrast, Manet was more traditional in the way that he asked his different models to pose.” 

    Degas’s Scène de Steeple chase (1866, reworked in 1880–1881 and 1897) and Manet’s L’homme mort (1864)
    (L) Edgar Degas Scène de Steeple chase (1866). National Gallery of Art, Washington. Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon. Courtesy National Gallery of Art, Washington. (R) Edouard Manet L’homme mort (1864). National Gallery of Art, Washington. Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon Courtesy National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
    Isolde Pludermacher: “Both these paintings are on loan from the National Gallery of Art, Washington, but have never been shown together before. The pairing is a very striking example of the proximity between the two artists.
    Manet exhibited a painting [Incident in a Bullfight] in the Paris salon [in 1864] representing a corrida scene with a dead toreador in the foreground and the corrida in the background. Its perspective was harshly criticized and so Manet cut it into two in order to make a stronger, more powerful image of the dead man. The other part of the painting [The Bullfight] is in the Frick Collection, New York.
    Degas’s painting, Scène de Steeple chase, is undoubtedly inspired by Manet. It’s a salon painting too. The horse-racing theme is particularly important for the two artists and symbolically interesting. At the end of the 1860s, Manet went to England and wanted Degas to go with him to the horse races and sell [ensuing paintings] on the English market but Degas declined.” 

    Degas’s Dans un café (1875–76) and Manet’s La Prune (1877)
    (L) Edouard Manet La prune. National Gallery of Art, Washington. Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon. Courtesy National Gallery of Art, Washington. (R) Edgar Degas Dans un café or L’absinthe (1875-1876). Paris, musée d’Orsay© Musée d’Orsay, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / Patrice Schmidt.
    Isolde Pludermacher: “It’s a really interesting, lovely confrontation because it’s the same model—the actress Ellen André—in the same bar, La Nouvelle Athènes [in Place Pigalle]. It’s where artists and writers hung out, and Manet and Degas went there every day.
    Both paintings were made in the 1870s, later than other paintings in the exhibition. Degas made his first, and showed it in an Impressionist exhibition, and perhaps it inspired Manet.
    Even though the model is in the center of Degas’s painting [also known as L’Absinthe] she seems to be in the background. He’s depicted her as if she’s under the influence of alcohol, forlorn, and like a prostitute. Degas was interested in an oblique perspective, her feet and a play on mirrors. In Manet’s painting, the same woman is barely recognizable. She’s traditionally in the center of the composition, also in front of an alcoholic drink, but there’s a gracious pose and a beauty of colors that enhance her.”
    “Manet/Degas” is on view at the Musée d’Orsay in Paris through July 23, 2023.
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    In Her First New York Survey, Virtuosic Painter Cecily Brown Makes Everything Old New Again

    One could say Cecily Brown is drunk on art history.
    Throughout her 25-year career, the virtuosic British artist has engaged with seemingly every aspect of the Western canon—Renaissance artists’ contemplation on our eternal souls, Old Masters’ scenes of revelry, the delightfully frilly and coquettish vignettes of the Rococo era, Impressionists’ voyeuristic eye, even the impassioned gesturalism of Jackson Pollock. She’s guzzled it all.
    Now the dizzying scope of these references will come into focus in “Cecily Brown: Death and the Maid,” the first full-breadth museum survey of the artist’s work in New York, which opens at the Metropolitan Museum of Art next week. “I really only understand a painting once I’ve copied it,” Brown said in a video made with the museum. The exhibition promises to unpack these discoveries, bringing together 50 paintings, drawings, sketchbooks, and monotypes—some of which have not been shown in New York before and several which were just recently completed—by delving into recurring themes, both sacred and profane, within her oeuvre. “There’s a whole raft of art history that flows through the work, and a lot of that is represented even in this very careful selection,” said exhibition curator Ian Alteveer in a conversation.
    Ahead of the exhibition’s opening we’ve pulled out several works from the show and highlighted how Brown references and reimagines just a few of her many art-historical influences.
    Edvard Munch and Death and the Maid(en) 
    Cecily Brown, Maid in a Landscape (2021). Private collection; © Cecily Brown.
    Before seeing even a single work in the exhibition, the title “Death and the Maid” offers us our very first historical window into Brown’s oeuvre. The title is an elision of Franz Schubert’s string quartet, Death and the Maiden (1824), which itself references an earlier Schubert piece, in which a terrified maiden begs death to pass her by. Death replies with bone-chilling comfort, “I am not cruel, you shall sleep gently in my arms.” This terror-laden subject became a popular visual motif during the the Renaissance, particularly in Germany. Such images typically presented a beautiful young woman held, almost tenderly, by the arms of Death, personified as a skeleton. Over the centuries, the subject has been revisited countless times. Two canvases in the exhibition, Death and the Maid (2022) and Maid in a Landscape (2021), as well as a notebook sketch, reflect on this motif. 
    Edvard Munch, Death and the Maiden (1894). Collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art.
    For her depictions, Brown took inspiration from Edvard Munch, whose 1894 version of the pair, which seems to show the figures dancing. In preparing for the exhibition, Alteveer had texted an image of the Munch work as a possible source; Brown confirmed by sending a photo of a years-old sketch she’d made of the Norwegian artist’s composition. “Of course Munch was the source for this dancing pair, I thought—the skeletal man’s right leg extends down at the same oblique angle—and the couple frequently returns to haunt Brown’s work,” Alteveer explains in a catalogue essay for the exhibition. 
    Hans Baldung Grien, The Three Stages of Life and Death. Collection of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Gemäldegalerie.
    At other times, Brown’s references for her depictions of Death as a lover of sorts reach even further back. In Maid in a Landscape (2021), one can glean the influence of Renaissance artist Hans Baldung Grien’s plentiful—and freakish—depictions of Death and the Maiden. Notably, Brown’s interest in the motif does not seem to be one of morose brooding: in titling her own version, Brown cleverly shortened “Maiden” to “Maid,” both as a modernizing of the theme and a nod to her own time spent working as a housekeeper at the beginning of her career—and its a bit of a joke. “Despite this youthful occupation, as she told novelist Rachel Cusk, her own apartments in New York years later were always notoriously messy,” Alteveer notes. 
    Dutch Scenes of Judgment and Vanitas 
    Cecily Brown, Nature Morte (2020). © Cecily Brown.
    Once asked to comment on the macabre undertones that permeate her works, Brown remarked, “I always liked the expression ‘The Devil has all the best tunes.’ I always find that I go to a depiction of hell and look at it for an hour and then look at heaven for 30 seconds.” Flemish Renaissance painter Pieter Bruegel the Elder, particularly, has served as a jumping-off point for Brown’s compositions, and Alteveer notes Brown’s affection for his epic scene of reckoning, The Triumph of Death (ca. 1562). The painting is one of deathly pandemonium: a skeletal rider on horseback, wielding a sickle and leading the charge of his throngs skeleton soldiers, gleefully laying waste to every human in sight. Amid this tumult, a table of revelers, on the lower right of the painting, spring from their seats in terror, leaving their dinner table strewn with food and the games they’d been playing. “In thinking about Bruegel’s painting and its small dinner party interrupted, I’m reminded of so many of Brown’s exuberantly heaped tables—mountains of food, puddles of cloth, chairs tipped over—and the ways in which she layers these reminders of death in near endless and compelling combination,” Alteveer writes. 
    Willem Kalf, Still Life, Still Life with Lobster, Drinking Horn and Glasses (1653). Collection of the National Gallery.
    The living body’s proximity to death is one of Brown’s central preoccupations, and decadent tablescapes offer one of the most artistically luxurious ways to approach such themes—as Alteveer described to me, “Still lifes are a way for an artist to show off a little bit, to revel in the plentitude that they offer, and then also to explore color.”
    Frans Snyders, Interior of an Office (ca. 1635).
    While preparing for an exhibition at Blenheim Palace in the fall of 2020, Brown turned to 17th-century Flemish painter Frans Snyders’s scenes of hunting, a pastime Brown considers decidedly English. From here, she soon found herself enamored with Snyders’s still lifes: disordered tableaux of meat, fruit, wine, and flowers. For Brown—a lifelong vegetarian—the paintings offered not the brutality of the hunt, but a space for lavish and decadent employment of colors. Brown soon commenced her own series of vanitas scenes. Vanitas were popular in Dutch Golden age painting, and operated as symbolic images that hint at the transience of our mortal lives and the ephemerality of earthly pleasures, through depictions of wilting flowers, meats, burning candles, and just-ripe  fruits. Her paintings Nature Morte (2020) and Lobsters, Oysters, Cherries and Pearls (2020) call to mind both Snyders’s painting Interior of an Office (ca. 1635) as well as Willem Kalf’s Still Life, Still Life with Lobster, Drinking Horn and Glasses (1653).
    Cecily Brown’s sketchbook (2021–22). Courtesy of the artist.
    “Still lifes are kind of an excuse for me to use this dramatic but weirdly neutral setting of a red tablecloth, like in Nature Morte and Lobsters, Oysters, Cherries and Pearls,” she noted in a conversation with Adam Eaker, assistant curator at the Met, that is included in the exhibition catalogue.   
    Velázquez’s Mirrors and Memento Mori 
    Cecily Brown, Untitled (Vanity) (2005). © Cecily Brown.
    Mirrors, with their flat reflective surfaces that swallow up scenes from the world around them, have long held a special place in history of painting: a metaphor for the art of making itself. The mirror, both as as a symbol and as a compositional device, materializes time and again in Brown’s oeuvre, and several depictions of women seated before a vanity or reflected in a mirror appear in this exhibition.
    Brown, who grew up in London, often visited the National Gallery, where she often wondered over Diego Velázquez’s The Toilet of Venus (ca. 1647–51).
    “Representations of mirrors and mirroring abound in Brown’s paintings, and the artist has revisited many precedents over the years. She has spoken of her fascination with Velázquez’s so-called Rokeby Venus, whose reclining subject faces away from the viewer, and whose reflection seems older and more distant than the curves of her youthful body might suggest,” Alteveer writes. “One can see that fascination in the ways in which Brown’s subjects are reflected differently (or not at all) in mirrors.”  Brown’s paintings Untitled (Vanity) (2005) and Vanity (2019–20) hint at her sustained interest in this not self-same woman in the mirror. 
    Diego Velázquez, The Toilet of Venus (The Rokeby Venus) (ca. 1647–51). Collection of the National Gallery, London.
    But beyond Velázquez, these doubling images also underscore Brown’s enthusiasm for a late Victorian trend for optical allusions. A kind of playful memento mori, these images would winkingly juxtapose images of young women or girls alongside death, usually in the form of a skull. No where is this influence more evident than in Brown’s painting Aujourd’hui Rose (2005), which pictures two young Victorian girls playing with a puppy; their silhouettes, one realizes with a second glance, cleverly form the shape of a skull. In this case, Brown leaves her source imagery largely unobscured—the image is pulled from a popular postcard produced by the Italian card company Alterocca at the turn of the last century.
    Cecily Brown, Aujourd’hui Rose (2005). © Cecily Brown.
    Such visual punning occurs again in All Is Vanity (After Gilbert) (2006): here, we see a woman seated and gazing at herself in the mirror, but when the eye pans out, we see that the  mirror and her silhouette form a ghastly skull, and objects and perfumes of her toilette, its strange teeth. This image, too, has a direct reference, in this case All Is Vanity, an illustration by American artist Charles Allan Gilbert published in Life magazine in 1902. In such works, Brown engages the longstanding tradition of the memento mori, a reminder of death’s inevitability through imagery of the skull, while playfully entwining the motif with considerations of feminine beauty, and even cosmetics.

    The Boudoir and the Museum 
    Cecily Brown, Selfie (2020). © Cecily Brown.
    Preparation for the Met exhibition largely took place during the tumultuous, home-bound months 2020 and 2021. Alteveer, for one, believes those periods of isolation left a final impression on the exhibition’s form. In many of the works on view, Brown depicts interior spaces that are crowded, piled high, seemingly bursting with a clutter of objects. In some sense these scenes harken back to fascinations from earlier in career. “A number of earlier works, such as Hangover Square and Untitled (Chambre) (both 2005), center exquisitely cluttered interiors as spaces for discovery,” Alteveer notes. 
    English artist William Hogarth and his bawdy, instructive scenes of domestic satire, marked by decorative disorder, certainly inform Brown’s often-humorous depictions of the erotic space of the bedroom. The contemporaneous Rococo movement seeps into Brown’s interior worlds as well. 
    Cecily Brown, Untitled (After Manet and Fragonard) (ca. 2018). © Cecily Brown.
    “Indeed, the pinks and yellows of Rococo painting, as well as the plushness of the boudoirs and lushness of private gardens represented by Jean-Honoré Fragonard and François Boucher…have always attracted Brown’s eye, too,” writes Alteveer. Certainly, the ideas of the public and private self are at play here; increasingly so, since Brown often grants her women the freedom to occupy spaces by themselves—a pointed update to her historical references. In one sketch in the exhibition, Brown depicts Fragonard’s Woman with a Dog (ca. 1769) beside a diffuse sketch of Edouard Manet’s Nana, a courtesan, who gazes once again into a mirror. “In Nana, the eponymous courtesan pauses her toilette to gaze directly at the viewer in a critique—and parody—of the Rococo tradition of aristocratic women’s semipublic ablutions; where Nana’s client regards her from a sofa in Manet’s painting, Brown has removed him in her watercolor,” Alteveer explains.  
    Cecily Brown, No You for Me (2013). © Cecily Brown.
    We, the viewer, are forced into the space of the boudoir on occasion. In No You For Me (2013), the mirror of a vanity, round like a moon, now faces the viewer directly. We see a toilette, with perfume bottles, cosmetics are piled seemingly within reach. In the reflection we see not ourselves but a woman’s figure, prone, and nude, lying on a bed. Who is she? Boucher’s Odalisque? Manet’s Nana? We might not know, exactly, but we have crossed the line into intimate space with these art historical muses, nevertheless. 
    François Boucher, Odalisque (1745). Collection of the Musée du Louvre, Paris.
    Selfie (2020) continues this visual puzzle. Here, a nude form (or possibly a couple) lies in repose, surrounded by walls hung with countless paintings. The figure seems to gaze out at the visual plentitude. The scene calls to mind 19th-century paintings of collectors’ personal museums. The “selfie” may ostensibly be Brown herself, quartered away in her studio for months, as painting after painting fills the world around her. “In the recent years, these spaces are overlaid with a kind of new sensibility that evokes the pandemic rooms full of stuff and we’ve accumulated over the years,” Alteveer told me, “And in a way, that drama that happens in Selfie is in part maybe a personal one.”
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    ‘Layers Upon Layers of Fiction’: Filmmaker Bennett Miller’s A.I.-Generated Photos at Gagosian Urge Viewers to Imagine Our Technological Future

    “It’s magical. Liberating. It’s a superpower.” This is how Bennett Miller sees the art-making potential of A.I. The filmmaker has just opened his first exhibition at Gagosian, showcasing his new black-and-white pigment prints—except they’re images that have been algorithmically generated. Miller’s aim here isn’t just to spotlight A.I.’s growing suite of capabilities, but rather, how the technology is “presenting a change in kind, not just degree.”
    Miller is no A.I. evangelist. In fact, he has spent the past five years developing a documentary on how technology has altered our realities in ways we know and more terrifyingly, don’t yet know. For all its promises, A.I., in Miller’s view, requires us to exercise “real awareness and consideration.”
    “The emergence of A.I. has brought us to the precipice of imagination-defying transformations and there do not seem to be any adults in the room,” he told Artnet News. “The documentary was meant to be a means to hit pause and reflect on this extraordinary moment.”
    Installation view of “Bennett Miller,” 2023. Photo: Rob McKeever, courtesy Gagosian.
    One of the people Miller interviewed for the project was Sam Altman, the CEO of OpenAI, which led the director to experiment with one of the company’s leading products, the text-to-image generator DALL-E. What began as a “guessing game type search” would end up becoming a dynamic, almost collaborative process, he said, “whereby you can manipulate an imagination and endlessly manipulate its outputs.”
    The software does have its limitations: Miller points out gaps in its knowledge and its failure to properly render hands and faces. But, he added, “if you’re open to finding different means by which it can realize what you’re working for, you might be surprised with what it can do.”
    The group of images Miller produced with DALL-E, now displayed at Gagosian, range from serene landscapes to haunting portraits to foreboding abstractions. In their sepia tones and grainy textures, they evoke an earlier era of tintype photography—a nostalgia conjured and a lost technology reawakened by neural networks. All of it, needless to say, is fiction.
    Bennett Miller, Untitled (2022–23). Photo: © Bennett Miller, courtesy the artist and Gagosian.
    And Miller, in his day job, understands the malleable bounds of fiction. As a director, he has helmed such award-winning films as Foxcatcher, Moneyball, and Capote—all, notably, adapted from real-life events. Just as cinema can rewrite reality, far more advanced technologies could very well collapse it. 
    Miller recalled that when he started working with DALL-E, the software was simply drawing from real images. But the more he used it, DALL-E began pulling from existing images as much as “non-real images” that it had previously generated.  
    “It’s just layers upon layers of fiction,” he said. “It’s going to become increasingly difficult to distinguish or know with any type of certainty that anything you see is authentic.”
    Which goes to the heart of the exhibition and Miller’s inquiry into this tech-driven shift in perception. If human memory is already shaky and media can be skewed, what more impact can A.I. have on our collective reality? Does the pope own a white puffer coat?
    “I hope viewers will feel stirred to consider the significance of how these works were created,” said Miller about the exhibition. “I hope there will be an appreciation for how the works themselves are a product not only of A.I. but of those very concerns.”
    See more images of the exhibition below.
    Installation view of “Bennett Miller,” 2023. Photo: Rob McKeever, courtesy Gagosian.
    Installation view of “Bennett Miller,” 2023. Photo: Rob McKeever, courtesy Gagosian.
    Bennett Miller, Untitled (2022–23). Photo: © Bennett Miller, courtesy the artist and Gagosian.
    Bennett Miller, Untitled (2022–23). Photo: © Bennett Miller, courtesy the artist and Gagosian.
    Installation view of “Bennett Miller,” 2023. Photo: Rob McKeever, courtesy Gagosian.
    “Bennett Miller” is on view at Gagosian, 976 Madison Avenue, New York, through April 22.
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    See Inside NFT Sensation Justin Aversano’s Mystical New Tarot-Inspired Photography Show in L.A.

    At a gallery in Los Angeles, photographer Justin Aversano recently debuted 78 new silkscreens, each featuring a portrait of an individual and printed on Egyptian papyrus. Ahead of the show, he also released every work in the series as an NFT on OpenSea, all of which swiftly sold out. 
    The enthusiasm that has greeted the drop speaks to Aversano’s continued domination of the photography NFT space, spurred on by “Twin Flames,” widely recognized as one of the earliest photography projects on the blockchain. The collection has traded 5,900 ETH (about $10.7 million) in total volume to date, while the sale of Twin Flames #83 at Christie’s in October 2021 raked in a whopping $1.1 million, making Aversano one of the highest-selling photographers ever. 
    Justin Aversano, Queen of Staffs from “Smoke & Mirrors” (2023). Photo courtesy of the artist and Gabba Gallery.
    The collection of works now on view at Gabba Gallery, through April 8, is meant to evoke a full tarot deck, with the photographer’s sitters standing in for cards from the Knight of Staffs to Eight of Swords, the Sun to the Moon.
    As Aversano told Artnet News, the project, titled “Smoke & Mirrors,” took three years to complete, beginning in 2018 when he commenced photographing an assortment of artists, shamans, psychics, astrologers, family members, and known figures such as the Winklevoss twins. 
    Justin Aversano, portrait #53 from the series “Smoke & Mirrors” (2023). Photo courtesy of the artist and Gabba Gallery.
    “There’s all these people who are in the project because I either looked up to them or they’re part of my everyday life and they represent that card,” he said. “It didn’t have to be magic or have a magical connection. It just needed to be the real reflection of what that card means.”
    The works are also a way to level-up the NFT medium: “Photographs are the ultimate thing that can be minted,” Aversano said. And especially so for “Smoke & Mirrors,” where the papyrus in use offers a tactile counterpoint or connection to the data being inscribed on the blockchain. It’s through this mix of media, Aversano hopes, that the collection might develop layers of new meaning for the viewer.
    The decision to silkscreen the portraits came down to the photographer’s desire to “evolve through the medium.” Just as his previous series have tapped traditional photographic processes—polaroids for “The Birthday Project” (2012), cyanotyping for “Twin Flames” (2017)—so this new collection reaches for another analogue technique to add pigment to his monochromatic portraits.
    Justin Aversano, King of Coins from “Smoke & Mirrors” (2023). Photo courtesy of the artist and Gabba Gallery.
    “I like the idea of applying color to make the photograph more than just the photograph,” he said. “It’s playing with mediums and what a photograph can represent.”
    The colors for each silkscreen, Aversano added, have been selected by the portrait’s subject, who also had their pick of which photograph he eventually used. “I, as a photographer,” he explained, “let go and surrender completely to the subject.”
    Justin Aversano, portrait #72 from the series “Smoke & Mirrors” (2023). Photo courtesy of the artist and Gabba Gallery.
    “It’s introducing people to the tarot in a fun, novel way with photography, just seeing the mixed media of how photography could exist. What is it—more of a painting or more of a photograph?” he said of the series and exhibition. “It’s about transcending something basic to make it something more thoughtful.”
    See more images from “Smoke & Mirrors” below.
    Installation view of “Smoke & Mirrors” at Gabba Gallery. Photo courtesy of Gabba Gallery.
    Justin Aversano, Four of Cups from “Smoke & Mirrors” (2023). Photo courtesy of the artist and Gabba Gallery.
    Justin Aversano, portrait #41 from the series “Smoke & Mirrors” (2023). Photo courtesy of the artist and Gabba Gallery.
    Justin Aversano, The World from “Smoke & Mirrors” (2023). Photo courtesy of the artist and Gabba Gallery.
    Justin Aversano, Knight of Staffs from “Smoke & Mirrors” (2023). Photo courtesy of the artist and Gabba Gallery.
    Justin Aversano, portrait #64 from the series “Smoke & Mirrors” (2023). Photo courtesy of the artist and Gabba Gallery.
    Installation view of “Smoke & Mirrors” at Gabba Gallery. Photo courtesy of Gabba Gallery.
    “Smoke & Mirrors” is on view at Gabba Gallery, 3126 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, through April 8.
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    In Pictures: See Inside the Museum of Failure, a Touring Exhibition of Historical Product Flops and Tech Misfires

    Remember Google Glass or Crystal Pepsi? What happens to all the hyped-up inventions and tech breakthroughs that suddenly disappear without a trace? These and over 150 more failed innovations are now on public display at “Museum of Failure,” a touring exhibition that opened at Industry City in Brooklyn on March 17, after landing in cities including Calgary, Paris, Los Angeles, and Shanghai.
    Among the once cutting-edge objects that visitors can expect to see are a handheld vinyl record player, the Hawaii exercise chair, Apple’s personal digital assistant Newton, the zero calorie fat substitute Olestra, self-destructing disposable DVDs, and several wannabe smartphones, including Twitter Peek, Microsoft Kin, and Amazon Fire Phone. Other bizarre famous flops include Trump steaks, Atari’s E.T. video game, Coke II, Bic’s pink pens for women, and a frozen beef lasagna by Colgate.
    Trump steaks. Photo courtesy of Industry City.
    Samuel West, who first founded the museum in Sweden in 2017 with items he collected from eBay, is a psychologist specializing in corporate behavior and hopes the exhibition’s stroll down memory lane won’t just amuse audiences but also serve as a reminder that failure is a normal part of progress and there is always a lesson to learn.
    For example, the TeleGuides used in Sweden during the early 1990s are now remembered as an early version of the internet while the Nokia N-Gage or “Taco Phone” was short-lived but successfully preempted the mobile gaming industry.
    “The main message that I want to convey with the museum is that it’s okay to share your inadequacies, your failures, your stupid questions, your unrefined ideas without being negatively judged,” he has said. “We need to accept failure.”
    Preview a selection of historical fails from the collection below.
    Polaroid’s Polavision, an “instant” color home movie system. Photo courtesy of Industry City.
    A display including Coke II, Crystal Pepsi, and “daily pet drinks,” Thirsty Dog and Thirsty Cat. Photo courtesy of Industry City.
    The Nokia N-Gage. Photo courtesy of Industry City.
    Installation view of “Museum of Failure.” Photo courtesy of Industry City.
    Installation view of “Museum of Failure.” Photo courtesy of Industry City.
    The Itera bicycle and the Segway. Photo courtesy of Industry City.
    A display of limited edition Oreo flavors including Limeade, Apple Cider, and Carrot Cake. Photo courtesy of Industry City.
    Installation view of “Museum of Failure.” Photo courtesy of Industry City.
    “Museum of Failure” is on view at Industry City, 900 3rd Ave, Brooklyn, New York, through May 14.
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    Politician Jeremy Corbyn and Others Attended the Opening of a Radical Exhibition Supporting WikiLeaks and Julian Assange

    A new exhibition supporting the controversial news leaks and classified information-sharing website WikiLeaks has opened in London, featuring many of today’s most politically-minded artists. 
    Organized by WikiLeaks with the London-based a/political foundation and the German Wau Holland Foundation, “States of Violence” explores the myriad ways artists and journalists have come to encounter repression in all its insipid forms, from police violence to state actors suppressing freedom of speech and access to information.
    According to an a/political spokesperson, the exhibition is “an objection against government oppression.” While many of the works on display respond to physical violence exerted by different states, the exhibition emphasizes that there are also invisible methods of silencing opposition, and that these techniques pose the greatest threat to freedom of expression. 
    The exhibition brings together a consortium of artists who have long explored political themes as the basis for art making, from Ai Weiwei to Dread Scott, Santiago Sierra, Forensic Architecture, and the late Vivienne Westwood.
    On view through April 8, the show coincides with the fourth anniversary of the imprisonment of Wikileaks’s co-founder, Julian Assange, who is currently being held in Belmarsh prison in the U.K., awaiting extradition to the United States for computer intrusion charges stemming from the release of classified government documents he received from Chelsea Manning, a government whistleblower who worked within the U.S. military.
    References to Assange and the organization he inspired can be found throughout the exhibition, such as a bookshelf featuring hard copies of classified government cables, which viewers are invited to peruse at their own risk—viewing the books will mean you could be prosecuted for the same crime Assange is facing extradition for.
    Installation view of the 66 books printed of Wikileaks’ Cablegate files from 2010-2011. Courtesy a/political.
    The exhibition also saw some of Assange’s most prominent supporters from across the U.K. in attendance. 
    “What’s amazing about this exhibition here tonight are the works up for display,” Jeremy Corbyn, M.P. and former leader of the U.K.’s Labour Party told Artnet News at the exhibition’s preview on March 23.
    Motioning to the long line of carefully assembled bound books, 66 in total, but representing only 6.2 percent of the material from Cablegate, one of Wikileaks’ largest leaks from 2010-11, Corbyn said it was the duty of art and artists to speak truth to power. 
    When asked about the relationship between whistleblowing, democracy and art, Corbyn said artists and poets are able to tell truth in their own ways. “A poet can often tell greater truths without having to delve into that, because they’re telling the holistic story,” he said. “That’s why art is likewise so important and inspirational to people, especially when you think of the great causes of peace of the 19th and and early 20th centuries, it was artists who often inspired people to carry through in difficult times,” Corbyn noted.
    Mentioning specifically his fondness for Picasso’s Guernica (1937), which depicts the Basque city after it was bombed during the country’s civil war, Corbyn situated the exhibition within a wider battle for truth and representation in the 21st century. Comparing Assange to Picasso, he asked “What’s different about Julian Assange? He has revealed on a mega-scale the totality of attacks on freedom of speech and democracy.”
    The exhibition’s opening was also attended by Joseph Farrell, a journalist and WikiLeaks ambassador, as well as Chloe Schlosberg, director of Wau Holland Foundation, the German non-profit association whose stated mission is support the types of activities Wikileaks remains involved with.
    “We’re here tonight to elevate Julian’s plight, and the plight of the assault on journalism in new and innovative ways,” Scholsberg said. 
    On April 8, organizers are also planning a concert in Hackney featuring Bugzy Malone, Lowkey, Eva Lazarus, D Double E and My Nu Leng, an event they hope will inspire the youth to take up the cause of freedom of speech and information. 
    “We hope that this will increase awareness in younger people. It’s about shifting the conversation using art and music,” Scholsberg said, adding: “it’s about how we keep Julian’s name in the conversation.”
    “States of Violence” is on view through April 8 at a/political in London. See more images from the exhibition below. 
    Andrei Molodkin, “Royal Blood” (2023), courtesy a/political
    Andrei Molodkin, “Royal Blood” (2023). Courtesy a/political.
    Installation view of Ai Weiwei / Pak. Courtesy a/political.
    Installation view of the 66 books printed of Wikileaks’ Cablegate files from 2010-2011. Courtesy a/political.
    Installation view with Santiago Seirra. Courtesy a/political.

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    Ai Weiwei Has Recreated Claude Monet’s Iconic ‘Water Lilies’ Using 650,000 Multi-Colored Lego Bricks

    You can construct whole worlds using the building blocks of Lego, but Ai Weiwei has taken things to another level by recreating Monet’s monumental triptych Water Lilies (1914–26). The mammoth undertaking has gone on display at the Design Museum in London ahead of a major new survey opening next month.
    One of the French Impressionist’s most famous paintings, which is currently on display at MoMA, the original work depicts the lily ponds at Monet’s beloved gardens in Giverny near Paris, an idyllic scene hazily rendered by his characteristic bold brushstrokes.
    In the new medium of Lego, however, it took 650,000 bricks in 22 colors to make, reaching nearly 50 feet in length.
    Detail from Ai Weiwei, Water Lilies #1 (2022), made from Lego bricks. Photo: © Ela Bialkowska/OKNO studio; courtesy of the artist and Galleria Continua.
    The result is what the museum calls “a depersonalized language of industrial parts and colors,” with the Lego more suggestive of the pixels through which we often engage with art today, whether the work is natively digital or a photograph shared online.
    The artist has added his own touch to the centuries-old composition, inserting a “dark portal” to the right-hand side that leads to the underground dugout that Ai shared with his father while their family was exiled to Xinjiang during the 1960s.
    “Our world is complex and collapsing towards an unpredictable future. It’s crucial for individuals to find a personalized language to express their experience of these challenging conditions,” said Ai Weiwei in a statement. “Without a personal narrative, artistic narration loses its quality.”
    Detail from Ai Weiwei, Water Lilies #1 (2022), made from Lego bricks. Photo: © Ela Bialkowska/OKNO studio; courtesy of the artist and Galleria Continua.
    “Toy bricks as the material, with their qualities of solidity and potential for deconstruction, reflect the attributes of language in our rapidly developing era where human consciousness is constantly dividing,” he added.
    The show will also include Ai’s Untitled (Lego Incident), another new work taking the form of a “field” on the floor made from Lego bricks given to the artist by fans around the world after he posted on Instagram that Lego had temporarily refused to stop letting him bulk order their products to make political artworks. Ai believed the Danish company was hoping to protect its business interests in China, but his post resulted in an international outcry and the toymaker changed its policy.
    “Ai Weiwei: Making Sense” is the first exhibition dedicated to Ai’s focus on design and architecture specifically. It opens at the Design Museum in London on April 7 with some of the artist’s best known works alongside a series of five new “fields” filled with objects that he has made or collected. It runs until July 30.
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