Exhibitions

For decades, the New York art world overlooked video, textile, and performance artist Tina Girouard (1946–2020), whose presence had been integral to the city’s SoHo art scene during the 1960s and early 1970s.  Now, however, Girouard’s legacy is getting a much-deserved second look in a comprehensive exhibition at the New York’s Center for Art Research and Alliances (CARA), organized with the Rivers Institute for Contemporary Art and Thought in New Orleans.
“Tina Girouard: Sign In” represents a long-overdue recognition of the Louisiana native’s four-decade career and spotlights Girouard’s place at the heart of that avant-garde SoHo art scene in the relatively brief but prolific period from 1969 to 1978. (The show traveled to New York from the Ogden Museum of Southern Art in New Orleans.)
“She was part of a terrifically influential [group], in terms of the arc of contemporary art culture, together with Joan Jonas, and Laurie Anderson, the Philip Glass Ensemble, Gordon Matta-Clark…” Andrea Andersson, the Rivers Institute’s founding director and chief curator, told me.
The CARA exhibition is part of a big moment for the late artist, having opened alongside not one but two gallery shows in the city, at Anat Ebgi, which has represented the estate since 2019, and Magenta Plains. Next month, the artist Lucien Smith is opening a revival of FOOD, the SoHo restaurant/art project that Girouard ran with Matta-Clark, Carol Goodden, and Suzanne Harris. (Don’t miss the original venture’s menu on view at CARA.)
Richard Landry, photo of Tina Girouard, Carol Goodden, and Gordon Matta-Clark in front of Comidas Criollas, which was soon to become FOOD. Matta-Clark wrote the new name on the print. Photo ©2024 Estate of Gordon Matta-Clark/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
Girouard played a key role in the formative years of notable art organizations and movements such as the Kitchen, Creative Time, PS1, and alternative art space 112 Greene Street (now known as White Columns) in New York; the Fabric Workshop in Philadelphia; Matta-Clark’s Anarchitecture Group, and the Pattern and Decoration movement. She also showed with Holly Solomon Gallery.
The incredible breadth of her output may actually have worked against her.
“When artists are multifaceted, they can’t be pigeonholed,” Magenta Plains cofounder and director Olivia Smith told me. “People lose interest in trying to tell their story because it’s more complex.… Tina can be known as a Pattern and Decoration artist, but she can also be known as a pioneer of video art. There’s not a lot of artists you can say that about!”
Transparency of Tina Girouard’s Pinwheel, staged for the exhibition, “Five From Louisiana,” curated by William Fagaly at the New Orleans Museum of Art in New Orleans, Louisiana, 1977. Photo by Richard “Dickie” Landry, courtesy of the estate of Tina Girouard.
Girouard studied art at the former University of Southwestern Louisiana (now the University of Louisiana at Lafayette), where she met her future husband, photographer, composer, and saxophonist Richard “Dickie” Landry, who would go on to join the Philip Glass Ensemble. (The two married in 1971).
The couple moved to New York City together after Girouard’s graduation and began living with painter Mary Heilmann in a loft at 10 Chatham Square. The building soon became something of an informal artist colony of up to 30 residents. Girouard would cook gumbo and other Southern meals for the various creatives passing through the studio, reflecting the spirit of collaboration and community that permeated her practice.
Photo of Richard “Dickie” Landry and Tina Girouard at 10 Chatham Square in New York (ca. 1970s). Photo by an unknown photographer. ©the estate of Tina Girouard.
“There was a thin line between her work and her life—it was almost nonexistent,” Manuela Moscoso, CARA’s artistic director and executive director, told me.
“General Girouard,” as the artist was known, “was a leader in the community in the avant-garde scene in the ’70s,” Smith added. “Tina brought her Cajun traditions of the home to New York City—the kind of joie de vivre of a big family feast and dancing and music. Her Chatham Square loft served as a symbolic home for this growing community of artists.”
Andrea Andersson and Manuela Moscoso at CARA’s Tina Girouard exhibition. Photo by Sarah Cascone.
That hospitality extended into Girouard’s art, not only through her work at FOOD—an ahead-of-its-time restaurant that surprised diners with seasonal ingredients, “health food” and unfamiliar dishes like sushi—but with other projects, like the series of “Houses” she created in 1971.
These conceptual spaces included Swept House. Girouard created the outline of a home by sweeping the dirt and detritus on a condemned pier—normally a refuge for the homeless—underneath the Brooklyn Bridge. Local children, unprompted, scavenged furniture from the trash to complete the installation. The piece, documented in photographs at CARA, was part of “The Brooklyn Bridge Event,” curated by PS1 founder Alanna Heiss for the civic engineering marvel’s 88th anniversary.
Photos of Tina Girouard, Swept House (1971) and other work by the artist on view “Tina Girouard: Sign In” at Center for Art Research and Alliances, New York. Photo by Kris Graves. Tina Girouard Art ©the Estate of Tina Girouard/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
CARA is also showing Hung House, a sculptural installation Girouard created at Chatham Square using objects left behind by party guests and musicians who had been there for rehearsals. Visitors to the studio were free to interact with and sit on the piece, a two-story “home” with a cot beneath a hanging wooden platform upon which sat an open suitcase.
In addition to this literal homemaking, Girouard also turned to a variety of domestic materials, including wallpaper, linoleum, and even tin ceilings and fabric to make work.
Tina Girouard, Hung House (1971) on view “Tina Girouard: Sign In” at Center for Art Research and Alliances, New York. Photo by Kris Graves. Tina Girouard Art ©the Estate of Tina Girouard/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
“Tina was really coming of age during second-wave feminism and was very vocal about women’s labor and domesticity and the fact that she used that as fodder for her Conceptual art,” Smith said.
Girouard inherited a collection of vintage 12-by-three-foot silks from a relative in the dry goods business named Solomon Matlock. She would employ these eight bolts of pastel, floral fabrics, which she christened Solomon’s Lot, in various performances and art installations.
Installation view of “Tina Girouard: Sign In” at Center for Art Research and Alliances, New York. The hanging fabric sculpture is Air Space Stage. Photo by Kris Graves. Tina Girouard Art ©the Estate of Tina Girouard/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
CARA has restaged Air Space Stage (1972), the architectural installation of four of the silks from Girouard’s first solo exhibition, “Four Stages,” at 112 Greene Street.
Another length of silk hangs in a loop in the stairwell, in a nod to Girouard’s performance Camoplage (1977) at Documenta 6, in Kassel, Germany.
A display case from “Tina Girouard: Sign-In” featuring photographs of Tina Girouard’s performance Camoplage (1977) at Documenta 6, in Kassel, Germany, washing her Solomon’s Lot silk fabrics in the Fulda River. Photo by Sarah Cascone.
“She washed this exact fabric and four others in the Fulda River, and suspended them in the trees to dry, where they became camouflaged,” Andersson said. “It was a collective ritual practice.”
The show also includes a video Maintenance III: Sewing, Washing, Wringing, Rinsing, Folding Solomon’s Lot (1973), showing Girouard washing these fabrics. (Another video in the “Maintenance” series, on view in the opening gallery, is of the artist giving herself a haircut.)
Fabric from Solomon’s Lot hangs in “Tina Girouard: Sign In” at Center for Art Research and Alliances, New York. Photo by Kris Graves. Tina Girouard Art ©the Estate of Tina Girouard/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
Girouard retired Solomon’s Lot after her 1977 performance Pinwheel at the New Orleans Museum of Art for “Five from Louisiana,” featuring Lynda Benglis, Robert Rauschenberg, Keith Sonnier, and Landry. Anat Ebgi started its relationship with the artist by restaging the piece at Art Basel Miami Beach in 2019.
The gallery’s current show centers around Girouard’s 1970 performance Sound Loop, in which she recorded sequences of numbers, words, and phrases on a tape loop, speaking into a microphone. In addition to photographic and video documentation, the gallery staged several performances of the piece during its run.
At Magenta Plains, the focus is on Girouard’s interest in visual language, exhibiting for the first time her “DNA-Icons,” a group of late-’70s silkscreens, printed on commercial textiles at the Fabric Workshop. These bear series of simple line-based symbols, from among a set of 400 devised by the artist. (Related works, both on paper and fabric, are on view at CARA.)
Tina Girouard in collaboration with the Fabric Workshop and Museum, Philadelphia, Conflicting Evidence, (1980) on view in “Tina Girouard: Sign In” at the Center for Art Research and Alliances, New York. Photo by Kris Graves. Tina Girouard Art ©the Estate of Tina Girouard/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
“She researched international signage and ancient petroglyphs and pictograms,” Smith said. “Tina was trying to create a universal language through these hundreds of symbols so people could understand the same thing even if they’re coming up at it from different sides. I find that very beautiful and very meaningful.”
Girouard’s remarkably fruitful New York period came to an end when her studio, then on Cedar Street, burned down in 1978. Having lost nearly everything, she moved back to rural Louisiana with Landry, and gradually faded from prominence (although there was an appearance at the 1980 Venice Biennale and a 1983 mid-career retrospective at the Rufino Tamayo Museum in Mexico City).
Tina Girouard’s “DNA-Icons,” made in collaboration with the Fabric Workshop, Philadelphia, on view at Magenta Plains in “Conflicting Evidence.” Photo courtesy of Magenta Plains, New York.
She spent the rest of her life far removed from the downtown art scene. In 1990, around the time she and Landry were divorcing, Girouard moved to Haiti.
Inspired by the voodoo culture prevalent both in Louisiana and her new home, Girouard kept a studio in Port-au-Prince for the next five years. The exhibition features sequined and beaded works from this period, which saw her collaborate heavily with Haitian artist Antoine Oleyant.
“The thing is, Tina never stopped,” Smith said. “But New York wasn’t paying attention to the work that she was doing in the South.”
Tina Girouard and Antoine Oleyant, Under a Spell (1992) on view in “Tina Girouard: Sign In” at the Center for Art Research and Alliances, New York. Photo by Sarah Cascone.
Magenta Plains got involved after Smith was introduced to Amy Bonwell, Girouard’s niece and estate executor, on a Zoom call. Immediately fascinated by the artist’s life and career, Smith suggested a project with the estate to her gallery co-founders, artists Chris Dorland and David Deutsch.
Deutsch, it turned out, had known Girouard well in her New York days, and was immediately on board.
“He said, ‘After their fire on Cedar Street, I invited them to sleep on my floor, and Tina and Dickie Landry cooked a meal in my studio,’” Smith recalled.
Girouard hasn’t had a New York solo show since 2012. But everyone involved in the three current shows agreed that her singular career was ripe for reappraisal. In fact, as the Rivers Institute began working with the artist’s estate, Andersson quickly realized time was of the essence.
Photo of Tina Girouard working on a stencil mural (ca. 1980s). Photo by Richard “Dickie” Landry, ©Richard “Dickie” Landry and the estate of Tina Girouard.
Living in rural Louisiana had helped Girouard fall into obscurity. But the weather there had also taken its toll, physically, on her work and archives, which was largely not stored under climate-controlled conditions.
One artwork actually involved transporting the framework of a former general store across Louisiana to Girouard and Landry’s property in the small town of Cecilia to serve as their studio. The CARA show includes photographic documentation of the move, as well as sculptural wall-hanging works made from cut tin ceiling panels that were stored there, semi-exposed to the elements.
Tin ceiling works on view in “Tina Girouard: Sign In” at the Center for Art Research and Alliances, New York. Photo by Kris Graves. Tina Girouard Art ©the Estate of Tina Girouard/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
“When we first went to go see some of the materials, it really became clear it was already withering,” Andersson said. “We were working on other projects, and frankly this went to the top of the list from a sheer necessity standpoint, or this work would disappear.”
The people who can help tell Girouard’s story are also nearing the end of their lives. The Rivers Institute has been working on an oral history of the artist’s career, but Richard Serra and Lawrence Weiner both died before they could be interviewed.
Fortunately, Girouard’s estate is firmly committed to cementing her long-term legacy. That work began while Girouard was still alive, with Anat Ebgi presenting her last show before her death at its Los Angeles location in 2020. Plans for the current retrospective, and the simultaneous presentations at both New York galleries, began forming three years ago.
“Tina did not know this project was going to happen,” Andersson said. “One of the greatest regrets is that she died without the knowledge that she would have this kind of recognition.”
“Tina Girouard: Sign-In” is on view at the Center for Art Research and Alliances, 225 West 13th Street, New York, New York, September 20, 2024–January 12, 2025
“Tina Girouard: Conflicting Evidence” is on view at Magenta Plains, 149 Canal Street, New York, New York, September 17–October 26, 2024
“Tina Girouard: I Want You to Have a Good Time” was on view at Anat Ebgi, 149 Canal Street, New York, New York, September 6–October 19, 2024 More

One fall evening in 1966, an audience crowded the 69th Regiment Armory in New York for a curious art happening titled “9 Evenings: Theatre & Engineering.”
Over the course of the night, a series of performances unfolded. Visitors watched Yvonne Rainer direct a group of participants via walkie-talkie to move large objects around a stage; they saw John Cage orchestrate a choir of telephones and radios; and they observed as Frank Stella played tennis with Mimi Kanarek using rackets wired with transmitters. They wound their way through a billowy maze Steve Paxton created with polyethylene sheets. More than 10,000 people attended the 10-day run; critics savaged it.
Audience members walk through Steve Paxton’s Physical Things at “9 Evenings: Theatre & Engineering” at the 69th Regiment Armory in New York, 1966. Photo: Robert R. McElroy / Getty Images.
The event was staged by 10 artists in collaboration with 30 engineers from Bell Labs, intended to showcase the possibilities of marrying their skills. As planning committee member Simone Forti reflected, it was less an art presentation than “a step towards the creation of a situation that will later be important to the making of art.” It’s a prescient observation, as “9 Evenings” would come to serve as a proof-of-concept for the initiative behind it, one that sought to inject technology into art-making.
John Cage sets up telephones for Variations VII at “9 Evenings: Theatre & Engineering” at the 69th Regiment Armory in New York, 1966. Photo: Robert R. McElroy / Getty Images.
Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.) was in nascent form when “9 Evenings” took place—a cross-disciplinary concept sketched out by artists Robert Rauschenberg and Robert Whitman in collaboration with Bell Labs engineers Billy Klüver and Fred Waldhauer. Its New York debut spurred its cementing into an organization with the goal of helping artists “achiev[e] new art through new technology,” as Rauschenberg and Klüver wrote in the first E.A.T. newsletter. The group was soon inundated with dozens upon dozens of requests from creatives eager to expand their practices.
“E.A.T. was a phenomenon,” curator Nancy Perloff told me. “Unlike today, it was a resource with a capital R that would allow artists to experiment.”
Lucy Jackson Young and Niels O. Young, Fakir in 3⁄4 Time (1968). Photo: Shunk-Kender. Art courtesy Thomas Young. © J. Paul Getty Trust.
Perloff is one of the masterminds behind “Sensing the Future,” an exhibition at Los Angeles’ Getty Research Institute that revisits E.A.T.’s brief yet meaningful existence. The show, part of PST Art, unfolds across two galleries, with artifacts surfaced from the institute’s archives.
The organization’s early days fill the first room. Detailed here are its founding members’ early art-tech experiments (Rauschenberg’s Dry Cell, for example), as well as E.A.T.’s 1967 collaboration with New York’s Museum of Modern Art on an open call for artworks created with technology (nine works from which were included in the 1968 show, “The Machine as Seen at the End of the Mechanical Age“).
“9 Evenings,” of course, takes up the bulk of the space, its happenings presented in the form of archival photos, videos, and documents. Just as intriguing are the letters that E.A.T. received after the event; blown up and arrayed on a wall, they were sent in by the likes of Hans Haacke, Eva Hesse, Marta Minujín, and David Hinton, all seeking to work with the group. Hesse, for one, was super keen on “chemistry.”
A letter from Hans Haacke, on view at “Sensing the Future: Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.)” at the Getty Research Institute. Photo: Min Chen.
“They are a tiny, tiny fraction of what’s in the archive,” said Perloff of these submissions to E.A.T.’s Technical Services division. “The archive has these punch cards, where artists would put down the materials they wanted, and the engineer would then look at that and respond. The requests came from visual artists, composers, poets—E.A.T. was very cross-disciplinary, all the time.”
That was most evident in E.A.T.’s pièce de résistance: its design for the Pepsi Pavilion at the 1970 Japan World Exposition. The project called on the expertise of 75 artists, architects, and engineers, not counting the labor of American and Japanese construction companies.
Pepsi-Cola Pavilion, 1970. Photo: Shunk-Kender. Floats © Robert Breer/Kate Flax/gb agency, Paris. Fog © Fujiko Nakaya. Courtesy Experiments in Art and Technology. Light Towers © Forrest Myers. © J. Paul Getty Trust.
Once unveiled, the pavilion took the shape of a geodesic dome. To reach it, visitors navigated a cloud of fog sculpted by Japanese artist Fujiko Nakaya before encountering kinetic dome-shaped robots designed by sculptor Robert Breer and engineer John Ryde.
The pavilion’s interior was far more dramatic: its spherical ceiling was an aluminized mylar mirror, a mammoth 90 feet in diameter, that produced inverted reflections, further animated by lights and sounds coming from electronics installed under the floor. Attendees were also equipped with handheld receiving devices allowing them pick up different audio transmissions as they roamed the dome—the sound of breaking glass in one spot, birdsong in another. Live performances, programmed by artist Tony Martin and choreographer Remy Charlip, further activated the space. The effect was boiled down in the project’s subtitle: World Without Boundary.
Interior of the Mirror Dome at the Pepsi-Cola Pavilion, 1970. Photo: © Fujiko Nakaya. Courtesy Experiments in Art and Technology. © J. Paul Getty Trust.
“The Pepsi Pavilion,” Perloff reflected in the show’s accompanying publication, “is emblematic and indeed a capstone of the collaboration between artists and engineers that defined [E.A.T.].”
The sheer effort that went into E.A.T.’s Pepsi Pavilion occupies the second gallery of the exhibition. Photographs, videos, and other artifacts variously spotlight the dome’s architectural design and elaborate sound system. A reproduction of a console allows visitors to recreate the pavilion’s sound-modifying aspects.
The project, alas, cost so much to operate and was so experimental in form that its corporate sponsor, Pepsi-Cola, pulled the plug after a month. E.A.T. was forced to abandon the pavilion.
Installation view of “Sensing the Future: Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.)” at the Getty Research Institute. Photo: Min Chen.
But of course, it wouldn’t be the last time artists and engineers attempted such a spectacle. Today’s glut of immersive shows similarly engineer multi-sensory environments (with presumably less overhead), while the fields of art and technology are far from strangers to each other. And the once-radical proposals by E.A.T., which scaled back operations around 1975, don’t seem so unfeasible today.
Consider sound pioneer and E.A.T. member David Tudor’s Island Eye Island Ear (1970), documentation of which caps the exhibition. The environmental work proposed to transform the Swedish island of Knavelskär into an art installation with sound and reflectors, with fog by Nakaya and kites by Jackie Matisse. “It was going to be a kind of concert on the island,” Perloff explained. “They never got it off the ground.”
But they have now. The piece was most recently realized on the Norwegian island of Svinøya, as part of the 2024 Lofoten International Art Festival, following a stop on Kamome Island in Hokkaido. It’ll likely continue to be reimagined into the future.
“Sensing the Future: Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.)” is on view at the Getty Research Institute, 1200 Getty Center Dr #1100, Los Angeles, California, through February 23, 2025. More

A show celebrating the Dada pioneers Jean Arp and Sophie Taeuber-Arp at Brussels’ Bozar, brings together artworks, design objects, and written documents from the couple whose professional relationship deeply informed their private life, and vice versa.
E. Linck, Sophie Taeuber and Hans Arp in front of puppets (1918) © SABAM Belgium 2024.
Hans Arp was a German-French artist born in 1886 in Alsace-Lorraine, an area historically contested between France and Germany. He adopted the name Jean after Alsace became French territory in the 1910s, but continued to call himself Hans when speaking German.
Hans/Jean Arp, Head with Annoying Objects (1933) © SABAM Belgium 2024.
After studying art in both countries Arp settled in neutral Switzerland after faking mental illness, to avoid the German draft. It was at an exhibition in Zurich in November 1915 that he experienced what he termed “the greatest event of my life”: meeting Sophie Taeuber.
Hans/Jean Arp, Composition (c. 1929) © SABAM Belgium 2024, photo: Mick Vincenz.
Taeuber was born in Switzerland in 1889, studying at German art schools before returning to her home country during the First World War. The pair married a month shy of seven years after their first meeting. Arp and Taeuber-Arp are now considered two of abstract art’s most important artists, after a period of re-evaluation saw the latter historically overshadowed by her husband. The show at Bozar brings their work together, presenting the artists not only as equals but as vital to each other’s practice.
Hans/Jean Arp with the navel monocle (1926) © SABAM Belgium 2024.
Walburga Krupp, the curator of “Friends, Lovers, Partners” has spoken of the couple’s symbiotic way of working: “Not only did each of them have an independent oeuvre, they also explicitly made duo-works, jointly exe­cuted, in which each of their individual styles could no longer be recognized […] Their working side by side as equals in their studio and in constant exchange reveals the similarities and differences between her geometric abstractions and his organic ones.”
Hans/Jean Arp, Man and Woman (c. 1928) © SABAM Belgium 2024, photo: Fabien de Cugnac.
The pair blurred the lines between fine and applied art. Taeuber-Arp created textiles and jewelry in addition to her paintings and sculptures for which she is better known, and Arp producing a large body of written work. The couple are particularly regarded for their contributions to the Dada movement which blossomed in Switzerland and Germany in the immediate aftermath of the First World War. Taeuber-Arp’s Dada Head (1920) is one of the movement’s most iconic artworks.
Nic Aluf, Sophie Taeuber with the Dada Head (1920) © SABAM Belgium 2024.
More than 250 artworks are on display in “Friends, Lovers, Partners” including 230 paintings and 70 photographs, in addition to drawings, archival documents, sculptures, textile works, and jewelry. The show is accompanied by a catalogue co-published by Bozar Books and Mercatorfonds which also includes diary and letter extracts from the couple and poetry by Arp, including his devastating verses written after Taeuber-Arp’s tragic death at 53.
Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Tapestry (1924) © Photo: Roberto Pellegrini, Bellinzona.
Hans/Jean Arp & Sophie Taeuber-Arp: Friends, Lovers, Partners is on display at BOZAR Centre for Fine Arts until January 19 2025, then at the Henie Onstad Kunstsenter just outside of Oslo from February 20 to May 11 2025. More

A monumental exhibition celebrating the artist and author Tove Jansson opens at Helsinki Art Museum on October 25 as part of a series of events held around the country, to mark the 80th anniversary of the Moomins.
Jansson (born in 1914 and part of a minority of Swedish-speaking Finns) wrote the first of her Moomin novels, “The Moomins and The Great Flood”, in 1945, with a further eight books (plus five picture books) released over the following 48 years. The characters are beloved by children and adults around the globe.
So popular are the Moomins in Jansson’s native Finland that in 1993, the year of her final Moomin picture book ‘Songs from the Moominvalley”, a Moomin-inspired theme park was opened in Kailo, designed after Jansson’s drawings. The author’s birthday, August 9, is also celebrated across the country, as Finnish Art Day.
Tove Jansson in her studio © Eva Konikoff.
According to legend, the inspiration for the series of characters came from a warning Jansson received from her uncle as a child. He said that a “Moomintroll” lived in his kitchen and would punish her if she stole food. The design for the white, almost hippopotamus-like beings, were apparently born out of an unkind caricature Jansson drew of the philosopher Immanuel Kant.
Although her legacy is certainly dominated by the popularity of the Moomins, Jansson had her own successful art practice separate from her work as a children’s book illustrator and author. Having studied art in both Stockholm and Paris, Jansson mounted seven solo shows in Finland during her lifetime and was commissioned to create major murals across the country. She also illustrated the books of other authors including J. R. R. Tolkien’s “The Hobbit” and Lewis Caroll’s “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland“.
Tove Jansson, Bird Blue (1953) © Tove Jansson Estate. Photo: HAM / Maija Toivanen.
Jansson’s life, particularly her lifelong partnership with the artist Tuulikki Pietilä (which began more than a decade before the decriminalization of homosexuality in Finland) was the focus of a 2020 biopic. “Tove” was directed by Zaida Begroth and starred Alma Pöysti.
The new exhibition “Tove Jansson: Paradise” celebrates Jansson’s illustrious career with a focus on the murals she created during the 1940s and 1950s. These were mostly made in Helsinki, where Jansson was born and spent the vast majority of her life. Sites included the City Hall restaurant, a children’s hospital, a local electromechanical factory, and a girls’ school.
Tove Jansson, sketch for Bird Blue (1953) © Tove Jansson Estate. Photo: HAM / Kirsi Halkola.
“Tove Jansson’s created her public works during Finland’s postwar reconstruction period, aiming to spread hope and joy” Arja Miller, the Museum Director of Helsinki Art Museum told Artnet News. “[This show] celebrates her remarkable range as an artist, while emphasizing her desire to bring hope and delight to everyday life. In today’s ever-changing, often uncertain world, her work feels more relevant than ever—reminding us of the power of art to inspire, uplift, and create a sense of connection.”
Tove Jansson, Party in the City (1947) © Tove Jansson Estate. Photo: HAM / Hanna Kukorelli.
More than 180 objects and artworks relating to Jansson’s public art projects are on display, taking up over 4,200 square feet across two floors of Helsinki Art Museum. HAM will also be celebrating the 10th anniversary since its reopening in 2015 following major renovations. Jansson’s murals Party in the Countryside and Party in the City (both created in 1947) are part of HAM’s permanent collection.
Tove Jansson, Niilo Suihko and Party in the City © Per Olov Jansson.
Also included are six life-size charcoal mural sketches, which have never been displayed publicly before. In fact, many were unrolled for the first time since their creation for their inclusion in this show. In addition to preparatory paintings and sketches, there are photographs, works on glass, videos and book covers. One such cover will be for Jansson’s popular 1972 novel “The Summer Book”. A film adaption starring Glenn Close premiers this month at London’s BFI Film Festival.
Tove Jansson, Party in the Countryside (1947) © Tove Jansson Estate. Photo: HAM / Hanna Kukorelli.
Jansson’s debut solo show was held at the Bäcksbacka’s Konstsalongen gallery in 1943, and paintings loaned from the collection of the Bäcksbacka family will be on display in the exhibition. Visitors to HAM will also be given a sneak-preview of a new documentary following Jansson’s creation of her only altarpiece, which she made for Teuva Church in South Ostrobothnia in 1953.
Unrolling of Tove Jansson’s preparatory charcoal studies at HAM: sketch for Bird Blue (1953) © Tove Jansson Estate. Photo: HAM / Maija Toivanen.
James Zambra, a relative of Jansson and the Creative Director at Moomin Characters Ltd. told Artnet News that the show is a “a deeply personal and meaningful celebration of Tove’s legacy” and that there’s “no better way to kick off celebrating 80 years since the debut of her first story in the Moomin series.” “Tove Jansson: Paradise” is on view at HAM from October 25 to April 6 2025. More

In the 16th century, a small sliver of the world became the pulsing nexus of a new world order—and with it blossomed one of the most robust eras in the history of Western art.
“Saints, Sinners, Lovers and Fools: Three Hundred Years of Flemish Masterworks,” an exhibition at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, tells the story of the rise of small-but-mighty Flanders from 1400 to 1700, through a curation of some 150 paintings, drawings, sculptures, prints, and objects (on view through October 25). Oil painting makes up the backbone of the show, with over 130 canvases on view by towering artists including Peter Paul Rubens, Pieter Bruegel, and Anthony Van Dyck, among many others (including several women).
View of the exhibition Saints, Sinners, Lovers and Fools: Three Hundred Years of Flemish Masterworks. Photo MMFA, Denis Farley
“This period is important because it had such an outsized impact on the history of art,” said Chloé M. Pelletier, the curator of the Montreal installation of the show. “Here we see the invention of oil painting and the flourishing of the publication industry. The print trade is largely based in Antwerp. In the late 16th century, Antwerp is also at the center of trade for vast global empires.” A new class of people arose in its wake, including middle- and upper-class merchants, bankers, and industrialists with disposable incomes who became engaged in the art world, and the nascent art market, and reshaped what art could be in a wholly novel way.
“Artists in this era had more possibilities of what they could create. It wasn’t just the Church commissioning an altarpiece,” said Pelletier, “There’s a merchant who wanted a portrait or a devotional work for their own home. The market becomes richer and richer and new genres arise to meet that market. Landscape painting emerges for the first time as an independent genre. We see genre scenes or scenes of daily life as well as those of raucous behavior.”
View of the exhibition “Saints, Sinners, Lovers and Fools: Three Hundred Years of Flemish Masterworks” 2024. Photo MMFA, Denis Farley
Curated thematically, rather than chronologically, the exhibition hopes to draw in new audiences who might have preconceived notions of what Flemish art is, and what this show is decidedly not is somber and stuffy. With extensive and rare loans from the Phoebus Foundation in Antwerp, Belgium, which co-organized the exhibition with the Denver Art Museum, viewers are given a sweeping and often sumptuous and at times downright bawdy window into the world of Flemish art. In Montreal, the exhibition is bolstered by 14 additional works from the museum’s collection. “It’s a new way to present this period in a way that’s more dynamic and gives people an access point,” said Pelletier.
Accompanying the exhibition is a sprawling, 432-page richly illustrated catalogue by Katharina Van Cauteren, the chief of staff of the Phoebus Foundation, who spearheaded the exhibition. After Montreal, the exhibition travels to the Peabody-Essex Museum in Massachusetts.
With one week left in the Montreal location, we chose a few of the dazzling artworks on view that might help you see Flemish art in a whole new way.
Frans Snyders, A Pantry with Game (ca. 1640)
Frans Snyders, A Pantry with Game (about 1640). © The Phoebus Foundation, Antwerp, Belgium.

Frans Snyders’s monumental still life A Pantry with Game greets viewers at the entryway to the exhibition, setting the tone for the visual abundance that awaits. Synders, who was a trailblazing still life painter in the 17th century, here builds up a toppling abundance of foods—fowl, lobster, artichokes, wild boar, rabbits, asparagus, fruits, and much more—in the foreground of the composition. The bounty looks as though it might tumble out from the canvas, or the viewer, alternately, might be able to step right in.
A cup of berries, a shiny lobster, and a bright red tablecloth add a dynamic focal point, at the center, holding the disparate elements together. While imagery such as this would have appealed to the new class of merchants with country homes where they arranged big feasts, the painting also offers a concurrent symbolic reading between desire and restraint at work that would have been legible to people of its time. The leashed dogs on the left of the canvas signify these contradictory impulses between indulgence and reserve.
Jan Massys, Riddle, The World Feeds Many Fools (ca. 1530)
Jan Massys, Riddle: The World Feeds Many Fools  (about 1530). © The Phoebus Foundation, Antwerp, Belgium.
As the exhibition title “Saints, Sinners, Lovers, and Fools” suggests, one section of the exhibition focuses on the weird and wonderful comedic scenes of the era.  Sometimes paintings of “fools” were intended as warnings against the pitfalls of various temptations. Other times, these over-the-top absurd scenes were intended to engage viewers in a visual game. The painting above, for example, is a rebus, a visual puzzle the viewer is asked to solve. Four symbols appear above the two jester-like men, which form a pictorial riddle. When said aloud the names of the four symbols sound similar to the Dutch idiom  “the world feeds many fools.”  These popular visual riddles are not unlike the meme-culture associating language and imagery we know today.
Hendrick de Clerck and Denijs van Alsloot, The Garden of Eden with the Four Elements (1613)
Hendrick de Clerck and Denijs van Alsloot, The Garden of Eden with the Four Elements (1613). © The Phoebus Foundation, Antwerp, Belgium.
This visually dazzling painting in oil on copper is a quizzical, but not uncommon mix of Christian and mythological imagery. The painting is the work of two artists. Hendrik de Clerck, a painter of altarpieces and other devotional pictures, who began to focus on cabinet pieces, painted the figures while the landscape is by an artist named Denis van Alsloot. Personifications of the four elements—air, fire, water, and earth—occupy the center of the composition, each surrounded by their defining attributes. These mythical figures are juxtaposed with biblical stories relating to Adam and Eve. Floating above the scene is a heavenly scene of god and a choir of angels. The painting, which hints at European colonial expansions through the exotic animals and fruit pictures, perhaps suggests an idealized scene in which the world exists harmoniously under Christianity.
Michaelina Wautier, Everyone to His Taste (ca. 1650)
Michaelina Wautier, Everyone to His Taste  (about 1650) © The Phoebus Foundation, Antwerp, Belgium.
This is one of several paintings by women artists included in the exhibition. In her own time, the artist Michaelina Wautier carved an unlikely, but celebrated path as an unmarried woman artist. Born to a wealthy family, her brother was also a painter, and Wautier, in the relative safety of her position, cultivated her talents painting still lifes as well as portraits and history paintings. Over the centuries Wautier was written out of history, with many of her works attributed to her brother. Only a few years ago did a true reappraisal of her legacy begin.
In this tender and exquisitely luminous painting, two boys interact; one boy in white holds an egg with a bite taken from it while another boy in black reaches as though to snatch it. Wautier represented children in her work on several occasions including a painting of boys blowing bubbles that’s in the collection of the Seattle Art Museum. Here the luminous handling of whites and the rosy cheeks of the boys is captivating and so life-like that one is tempted to reach out for the egg, too.

Peeter Neeffs the Younger and Gillis van Tillborch, Elegant Couple in an Art Cabinet (1652, and ca. 1675)
Peeter Neeffs the Younger and Gillis van Tillborch, Elegant Couple in an Art Cabinet (1652, and about 1675) © The Phoebus Foundation, Antwerp, Belgium.
Perhaps no painting better encapsulates the entirety of the “Saints, Sinners, Lovers and Fools,” than Elegant Couple in an Art Cabinet. In the early 1600s, a new kind of collector had emerged—the connoisseur. These collectors were knowledgeable about the qualities that defined different artists and genres. With these connoisseurs concurrently arose the ‘kunstkammer’ or the collector cabinets where rooms of artworks and objects were displayed together. These rooms were sometimes depicted on canvas, too. Elegant Couple in an Art Cabinet represents the genre well. The bourgeois Flemish interior features a couple at the center, with recognizable paintings such as Titian’s Rape of Europa and Jacob Jordaens’ Mercury and Argus. What’s truly fascinating about this composition, however, is that macro-XRF scans reveal that the couple was a later addition and that an original group of three male connoisseurs examining the paintings had been painted over. Such paintings reveal that collector cabinet paintings, too, changed hands and were conceived as adaptable scenes that changed with new collectors, a living, shifting creation, rather than a static entity.

Catarina Ykens II, Vanitas Bust of a Lady (1688) 
Catarina Ykens II, Vanitas Bust of a Lady (1688). Courtesy of the Phoebus Foundation, Antwerp, Belgium
This uncanny image is the work of the artist Catarina Yken, the daughter of artist Jan Ykens. Her paintings are rarely known today, but she is best known for her still-life paintings, especially flowers. This unusual scene of oil paint on oak panel is both a morbid and comic vision. A brown-hued skull with white tufts of hair sits atop a lifelike woman’s bust draped with a pearl necklace, at the bottom of her décolletage, a sprig of leaves and berries catches the attention of a bird perched on her shoulder. Flemish artists, acquainted with the realities of death through war and illness, maintained their characteristic sense of levity. More

Two very different Minimalist exhibitions are wrapping up this week in New York, from masters of their respective rivulets, Doug Wheeler and Ad Reinhardt. Both reveal the meticulous complexity that goes into creating something deceptively simple. They have radically varying styles and approaches, but both reach for the sublime.
David Zwirner’s 20th Street location is hosting both shows. The 84-year-old Light and Space pioneer Wheeler’s dreamlike installation “Day Night Day” occupies the ground floor. “Print—Painting—Maquette,” which primarily explores Reinhardt’s late-period printmaking, is on the floor above. Both exhibitions close on October 19. Although the shows are unrelated, they forge such a fluid, accidental dialogue that they feel interconnected. They offer a welcome antidote to the unbearable strife of the news cycle— Reinhardt’s abstractions are serene and cerebral, while Wheeler provides an immersive, otherworldly experience.
Doug Wheeler, “DN ND WD 180 EN – NY 24” (2024). © Doug Wheeler. Courtesy the artist and David Zwirner.
Visitors must don protective disposable booties over their shoes to not scuff the pristine matte and gloss white floors of the installation component of Wheeler’s exhibition, “DN ND WD 180 EN – NY 24.” Four visitors are allowed in at a time for two-and-a-half-minute intervals, and the waitlist fills up, so come early. Photos and videos are also not allowed. Viewers enter a room with two faintly glowing rectangular walls. I was initially chuffed and satisfied just by this sole component, until a gallery staffer explained that I could walk through it.
Doug Wheeler, “DN ND WD 180 EN – NY 24,” 2024 © Doug Wheeler. Courtesy the artist and David Zwirner.
The wall’s illusory solidity is so palpable it triggers a confusing split second of fear as you trepidatiously step into it and enter a heavenly void where you are surrounded by limitless, luminous space. It’s a transcendent experience, and one that can’t be captured in any of the corny, high-tech experiential exhibitions currently proliferating. Upon exiting the celestial afterlife void, be sure to hang a left to see the artist’s intricate drawings detailing the plans for the work, gorgeous ink and graphite schematics.
Installation view, “Ad Reinhardt: Print—Painting—Maquette,” David Zwirner, New York, 2024. © Anna Reinhardt/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York, 2024. Courtesy David Zwirner.
There are also plenty of preparatory studies at Reinhardt’s “Print-Painting-Maquette,” one flight up. The abstract Minimalist (1913–67) has always been an artist both buoyed and stymied by his subtlety—when it comes to photographing his work, the nuances of his chromatic explorations are lost. Those “black” monochromes might read as just one murky, matte shade in a photo, but they encompass a rich, inky world of various hues and almost subliminal patterns.
Ad Reinhardt, Printer’s maquette for Untitled from X + X (Ten Works by Ten Painters) (c. 1964). © Anna Reinhardt/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York, 2024. Courtesy David Zwirner.
The exhibition was curated by Jeffrey Weiss, formerly curator and head of Modern and contemporary art at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., and organized in collaboration with the Ad Reinhardt Foundation. The 1966 screenprints attest to “his interest in translating the subtleties of his painted work into the print medium,” according to press materials. It’s revelatory to see his diagrams for the prints, based on earlier paintings. This is the first show devoted to these prints, but the various small paintings also included are a more magnetic, visceral draw, creating an intriguing counterpoint to the main focus.
Taken in together, the shows are an intriguing journey into light and darkness.
Installation view, “Ad Reinhardt: Print—Painting—Maquette,” David Zwirner, New York, 2024. © Anna Reinhardt/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York, 2024. Courtesy David Zwirner.
Doug Wheeler, “Day Night Day,” and Ad Reinhardt, “Print—Painting—Maquette,” are on view at David Zwirner, 537 West 20th Street, New York, through October 19. More